Retraction Policy

CIJ follows the COPE Retraction Guidelines. Articles may be retracted when:

• There is clear evidence of fabricated or falsified data.
• Findings have been previously published elsewhere without proper cross-referencing.
• The work constitutes plagiarism.
• The work reports unethical research.
• There are undisclosed major conflicts of interest that would have affected decisions about publication.

Retraction Notice

Retracted articles remain accessible online and are clearly watermarked as "RETRACTED". A retraction notice is published in the journal and linked bidirectionally to the original article, stating the reason for retraction.

Corrections

Minor errors that do not affect conclusions are corrected via a published erratum linked to the original article.